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No my friend, they are not DCOs; the Andromeda has true VCOs. And VCOs are not read by ADCs, and a S&H is not an ADC.
Hybrid synthesizers like the Prophet-5, OBX/Xa/8, Memorymoog, or Andromeda use ADCs to convert analog signals such as knobs, pitch wheels, and foot control pedals into a digital signal that can be read by the CPU. The keyboard is a diode matrix who data is not an analog signal but can be directly read by the CPU to detect a pressed key. All these signals are summed by the CPU and the control data is sent to a DAC which converts digital bits to an analog signal.
Because there are many analog devices to be controlled and DAC chips are expensive, the digital signals coming from the CPU are multiplexed. This allows the system to use only one DAC chip and to save $$. If you look at the output of the DAC, it is a periodic waveform of random voltage levels. All the control voltages for each analog device are "mixed" in this waveform. To separate the analog signal for each separate analog device, a demultiplexer is combined with the CPU address lines to isolate the DAC's analog signal only for that addressed device.
There may be hundreds of analog signals to demultiplex (DEMUX), and while each DEMUX'd output is unselected and turned off from the DAC, we need a way to hold each DEMUX'd output level while the rest are being serviced, otherwise the analog signal would immediately go away. That is the purpose of the S&H. When a DEMUX'd output is selected, the S&H is in "Sample" mode and it "records" the voltage; when the output is not selected, the S&H is in "Hold" mode and it "freezes" the output at its previous "Sample", no matter what the input of the S&H is. It is far cheaper to build a hundred S&H circuits than it is to buy a hundred DAC chips. The DAC->DEMUX->S&H has been standard design convention since the first hybrid synthesizer.
A VCO has a voltage control input that is converted to an exponential current which controls the rate of charge on a capacitor which is discharged near instantaneously when it reaches a preset level, and the cap charges again. This cap charge/discharge cycle repeats over & over, and the voltage across the cap is a ramp waveform from which all the other VCO waveforms are derived from, and faster cap charge time=higher VCO frequency. It doesn't matter the input voltage originates from a keyboard, a pitch wheel, a ribbon, an LFO, or a DAC->DEMUX->S&H as is the Andromeda, Prophet-5, Memorymoog, JP8, and OBX/Xa/8, it is *still* a VCO. This has been established convention in the industry and in the music press for over twenty years.
A DCO replaces the charged cap and the exponential current converter with a waveform generator that is directly generated by the CPU. There is no analog voltage control input at all on a DCO. Any traditional analog controller, whether it is a keyboard, pitch wheel, LFO, or otherwise must have its data in the digital domain to be utilized by the DCO.
In a DCO synth, the CPU generates the waveforms for all the DCOs and thus can directly control the frequency of all DCOs. And if you put them in unison, the waveforms from all the DCOs will be in phase. While DCOs have excellent stability and are perfectly in tune between each other, they tend to sound cold and sterile especially when you put the voices in unison mode. And DCOs are only turned on when a key is pressed, so every time you press a key the waveform starts at the same phase.
In contrast, VCOs in a polyphonic synth are free-running at all times and the phase is never synchronized between VCO waveforms. Unlike DCOs, no two VCOs are ever dead on tune with each other, they can be real close but not perfect. And everytime you play a different voice, the detuning between VCOs is never exactly the same and the phase is always different. VCO synths tend to have more life in their sound for these reasons. The Andromeda lets you disable background tuning and temperature tuning if you want real vintage analog drift like the vintage synths of the 70s, and if the options are enabled the tuning stability is excellent by today's standards. Analog VCO design has progressed a long way since the days of the Minimoog, Prophet-5, et al and the Andromeda has taken advantage of this progress.
When you modulate a VCO with a pitch wheel, LFO, the waveform is always consistent. When you modulate a DCO, the CPU has to interrupt the current waveform and start another one at the new frequency, and the waveform is never consistent. The CPU in a DCO synth isn't fast enough to emulate the VCO behavior, it has too many other things to do. That's why VCOs sound "smoother" when you modulate them.
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